Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a specialized medical procedure that combines endoscopy and fluoroscopy (X-ray imaging) to diagnose and treat conditions of the bile ducts, pancreas, gallbladder, and liver. During ERCP, a thin, flexible tube called an endoscope is passed through the mouth, down the esophagus and stomach, and into the first part of the small intestine (duodenum). A contrast dye is then injected into the bile and pancreatic ducts, making them visible on X-ray images. This allows doctors to both diagnose problems and, in many cases, treat them immediately during the same procedure.
1. Preparation: Patients are usually asked to fast for 6–8 hours before the procedure. Sedation or anesthesia is given for comfort.
2. Endoscope Insertion: The endoscope is guided through the mouth into the duodenum.
The main purpose of ERCP is to both diagnose and treat conditions affecting the bile ducts, gallbladder, liver, and pancreas. It can identify blockages, stones, strictures, or tumors and also allow for immediate treatment such as stone removal or stent placement.
No, ERCP is usually not painful. It is performed under sedation or anesthesia to ensure patient comfort. Some patients may feel mild bloating, sore throat, or discomfort afterward, but these usually subside quickly.
The procedure typically lasts 30 minutes to 1 hour, depending on whether diagnostic imaging alone is done or additional therapeutic procedures (like stone removal or stent placement) are performed.
Although ERCP is generally safe, potential risks include pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas), infection, bleeding, or very rarely, perforation of the intestine. These risks are uncommon and are usually outweighed by the benefits of treatment.
Patients are usually asked to fast for 6–8 hours before the procedure. Blood-thinning medications may need to be paused temporarily. The doctor will provide specific preparation instructions, including any adjustments to existing medications.